5^th International Conference on Condensed Matter and Materials Physics August 01-02, 2019 Dublin, Ireland

Materials physics is a vital field whose outcome leads to many advantages in fundamental physics. The main attention of materials physics is towards solid mechanics, biomaterials and structured materials. It helps in understanding the physical behavior of nearly perfect single crystals of elements, single compounds and alloys. Novel research strategies help to analyze the synthesized models of materials systems.

The theoretical materials physics shares essential concepts and techniques with that of particle physics and nuclear physics. Condensed matter theory studies strongly correlated materials, where the strong interaction between electrons in the solid state gives rise to novel phenomena. Examples include the fractional quantum Hall effect and high temperature superconductivity. The methodology of these entire arenas includes analytic tools based on field theory methods, the development of computer algorithm, and the use of high performance computation.

Experimental condensed matter physics determines the use of computational study to try to discover new properties of materials. Some of the probes are effects of electric and magnetic fields, transport properties and thermometry. Other commonly used experimental techniques include spectroscopy with probes such as X-rays, infrared light and inelastic neutron scattering, study of thermal response, such as specific heat and measuring transport through thermal and heat conduction. Some of the excellent outcomes of these fields include the revolution caused by the development of the transistor and the discovery of high-temperature superconductors.

Soft Condensed matter is generally described as the study of materials concerned with a strong application on understanding macromolecular assemblies. The component particles are condensed by classical mechanics and quantum-mechanical effects in their interactions can be neglected in many structures. Such structures are said to be subject of soft condensed matter physics. Soft matter physics defines the classical nature of the particles.

The property of certain substances which attract or repel other objects is known as magnetism. Every atom in a substance has electrons, particles that carry electric charges. Magnetic materials are those that can be either involved or resisted when placed in an external magnetic field and can be magnetized themselves. Materials in between permanent and soft are almost completely used as recording media and have no other general term to describe them. Other classifications for types of magnetic materials are subsets of soft or hard materials, such as magnetoresistive and magnetostrictive materials.

Semiconductor materials are technically minor band gap insulators. Different semiconductor materials differ in their properties and most commonly used semiconductor materials are crystalline inorganic solids and they are classified according to the periodic table groups of their constituent atoms. Semi-conductive devices exhibit various properties such as passing current more easily in one direction than the other, showing variable resistance, and sensitivity to light or heat. The Semiconductor materials address the research and new development of designs of materials and manufacturing systems that have the potential for strong change in the semiconductor industry.

The property of matter when it displays zero resistance to the flow of electric current is called superconductivity. Superconductivity undertakes extraordinary capabilities for electric circuits. If conductor resistance could be eliminated completely, there would be no inefficiencies in electric power systems due to stray resistances. Electric motors could be made almost perfectly efficient. The ideal characteristics of components like capacitors and inductors are normally ruined by inherent wire resistances, could be made ideal in a practical sense.

A semi-metal with minor overlap between the valence and the conduction bands is called graphene. The detailed structure of graphene is described as an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. The properties of graphene include electronic, optical, saturable absorption, nonlinear kerr effect and quantum dots. An allotrope of carbon in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, tube, and many other shapes is called fullerene. Spherical fullerenes or Buckminsterfullerene resemble the balls used in association football.

Nano-scale sized materials are called nanomaterials and to describe nanostructures it is necessary to distinguish between the numbers of dimensions in the volume of an object. The surfaces having one dimension on the nanoscale are called nanotextured surfaces. It is of extensive significance that the power of nanotechnology has assisted in understanding the complexity at ever smaller scales, which is helping humanity to understand the specific basis of some of the oldest and most intractable of technologies, such as those involved in food and medicine. Current research in nanotechnology includes bottom-up ad top-down approaches, functional, biomimetic, speculative and dimensionality of nanomaterials.

The label quantum materials that has come to signify the area of condensed-matter physics formerly known as strongly correlated electronic systems. Although the field is wide-ranging, a unifying theme is the discovery and investigation of materials whose electronic properties cannot be understood with concepts from contemporary condensed-matter physics. The rise of topological order as an emergent phenomenon in materials among the research community previously studying emergent phenomena in correlated systems is responsible for the term ‘quantum materials’. Industrial radiography, irradiators, well logging, gauging devices, other measuring systems, research and development, service providers, source material, special nuclear material are some of the industrial applications of nuclear materials.

The field of advanced materials includes engineered and advanced fibers such as carbon, kevlar and sapphire, metal matrix, structural, ceramic composites, other types of composites, high temperature, specialty adhesive, specialty chemicals, powder metals, thin films and surface engineering. A non-metallic solid material comprising an inorganic compound of metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds is called ceramic. The crystalline property of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, vitrified, and often completely amorphous like glasses. Most of the ceramic materials are good thermal and electrical insulators due to their varying crystalline property.

Branch of biology that shares the methods of physics to the study of biological processes and structures is defined as bio-physics. Bio-physicists conduct research concerned with understanding the connections between the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA and protein biosynthesis, as well as how these interactions are controlled. It is a multifaceted science using methods of, and theories from, physics to study biological systems. Biophysics reserves all scales of biological organization, from the molecular scale to entire organisms and ecosystems.